Can you use a BBQ under a gazebo or cover?

The two risks: fire and carbon monoxide

Heat rises from a barbecue in a column. Under a low roof, that hot air and the occasional flare-up reach the canopy. Fabric gazebos, parasols, timber pergolas, plastic roofs and overhanging branches can scorch, melt or catch fire. Grease fires make this far worse, because flames can rise well above the lid.

All fuel-burning grills produce carbon monoxide, a gas you cannot see or smell. In the open air it disperses. In a garage, tent, porch, caravan awning or a gazebo with sides down, it can build up to dangerous levels. Charcoal is a well-known risk because it keeps giving off carbon monoxide long after cooking has finished, even when the coals look nearly out.

Note:Never use or leave a charcoal, gas or pellet BBQ inside a tent, garage, shed, conservatory, porch, caravan or awning, or a gazebo with the sides closed, even to cool down. If anyone feels headache, dizziness, sickness or drowsiness near a barbecue, move them into fresh air and get medical help.

What BBQ manuals usually say

Makers' manuals are clear that their grills are for outdoor use only and give minimum clearances from combustible materials at the sides, back and above the grill. The exact distances vary by model and type, which is why your own manual is the reference, not a general rule. Many also say not to use the grill under an overhead combustible surface or unprotected roof.

Some makers sell and approve specific outdoor kitchen set-ups or built-in installations with tested clearances and ventilation. A generic gazebo from a garden centre is not one of those. If you plan a permanent covered cooking area, ask the grill maker or a qualified installer.

Gazebos, pergolas and shelters compared

Not all covers carry the same risk. This table gives a general picture; your manual's clearances decide.

Electric grills and covers

Electric outdoor grills do not burn fuel, so they do not produce carbon monoxide from combustion, but they still get hot and still smoke from fat and food. Their manuals also specify outdoor use and clearances, and some ask you to keep them away from rain or to use a weatherproof socket. A Ninja Woodfire, for example, burns wood pellets for flavour, which adds smoke. See can you use a Ninja Woodfire indoors.

If you live in a flat with a covered balcony, check your lease and building rules first; many ban barbecues entirely. Where allowed, an electric grill is the usual choice. Our best electric BBQs for balconies guide compares them.

Cooking in the rain safely

The simplest approach is a grill with a good lid. A lidded gas grill or kettle cooks perfectly well in the rain with the lid closed, and the lid protects the food. Wear a hat, use a heat-resistant glove and keep tongs to hand so you spend less time outside.

Some cooks keep a large outdoor umbrella well to one side of the grill, not over it, to stand under. Gas grills with strong burners recover heat faster in cold, wet weather; propane copes better than butane. Compare lidded options in best gas BBQs for UK gardens and best charcoal BBQs.

See lidded gas BBQs →

Frequently asked questions

Can I use a gas BBQ under a pop-up gazebo? It is not advisable. The canopy is low and combustible, and gas grills produce heat and fumes that it traps. Follow the clearances in your manual.

Is it safe to bring a charcoal BBQ into a tent to warm it up? No. Charcoal gives off carbon monoxide for hours, even when cooling. Keep it outside, well away from the tent.

Can I barbecue under a carport? Only if your manual's clearances are met and the space is fully open with free airflow. A carport attached to the house is a poor choice.

What is the safest BBQ for a covered area? An electric grill used as its manual allows, with clearances respected. Fuel-burning grills belong in the open air.